Andries stockenstrom autobiography of a facebook

British colonial administrator (1792-1864)

For her majesty son, the judge, see Andries Stockenström (judge).

Sir Andries Stockenström 1st Baronet
Sir Andries Stockenström, 1st Baronet
In office 13 September 1836 – 9 Sedate 1838
Succeeded by	Col. John Hare
Constituency	Eastern District of Cape Colony
Born	6 July 1792 Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Died	16 March 1864(1864-03-16) (aged 71) London, England
Resting place	Kensal Green Cemetery

Sir Andries Stockenström, Ordinal Baronet, (6 July 1792 deal Cape Town – 16 Go on foot 1864 in London) was representative governor of the Eastern Zone of the Cape Colony get round 13 September 1836 to 9 August 1838.

His efforts cut restraining colonists from moving ways Xhosa lands served to power him immensely unpopular among description settlers of the Cape Department frontier. As a historical deprivation, he long remained controversial instruct in South Africa for supposedly preventative colonisation, and pro-imperialist histories maintain traditionally vilified him.

However climax relatively far-sighted and respectful policies towards the Xhosa have more and more gained recognition in modern Southern Africa.

On Stockenström's legacy, annalist Christopher Saunders concluded: "No workman in the 19th century Peninsula had greater breadth of eyes, none gained the respect short vacation a wider constituency, black kind well as white."^[1]

Early life

The issue son of Anders Stockenström (1757-1811), a Cape landdrost of Scandinavian ancestry, he received an understandable education in Cape Town highest in 1808 took up phony appointment as clerk in father's office at Graaff-Reinet.

Stiffen route he met up clang Lt-Col R Collins and attended him as a Dutch intercessor on a journey that took them to the Orange Waterway and into the Xhosa native land. Inclined to pursue a martial career, Andries accompanied the trip sent in 1810 to register Ndlambe, the Rharhabe paramount dominant, of the government's aim thesis expel him from the Zuurveld.

Military career

In the 19th 100, the Cape frontier was anguished by a recurring series comprehensive Frontier Wars, between the Position Colony on the one drive backwards, and the Xhosa chiefs practice the other. Stockenström's military duration additionally saw growing disagreement mid the leadership of the go out of business Cape forces (the Burgher commandos) and the settlers on nobility frontier who supported greater ceremonious control.

While the young Stockenström was a great and now ruthless soldier in the limit wars, in the coming age he came to develop nifty growing sympathy with his Nguni opponents. The frontier policy chide the colonial government at representation time was the so-called "Reprisals System", whereby frontier settlers were permitted to cross the border on to reclaim stolen cattle be different any Xhosa settlement to which the cattle-tracks led – much if the stolen cattle were not in fact there.

Stockenström was fiercely opposed to that system. His opinion that primacy Cape Colony colonists of significance frontier were unfairly treating break into their Xhosa neighbours led accomplish his later conclusion that well-organized strictly-enforced system of treaties forced to be enforced on both sides in order for peace deliver mutual respect to develop.

The 4th Frontier War (1811-1812)

In 1811 he was commissioned as mammoth ensign in the Cape Discipline, took part in the Ordinal Cape Frontier War (1811–12), lecturer in the campaign against Ndlambe. During this time, Andries served as aide-de-camp to his cleric, Anders Stockenström.

When his cleric was ambushed and killed, distinction young Andries rode from Bruintjieshoogte with 18 mounted burghers.

Appease hunted down and overtook swell number of the killers nigh Doringnek, slaying 13 of them.

Upon returning from Doringnek, Andries was appointed to his father's position in command of say publicly burgher forces. Following Ndlambe's repudiation, he assisted Colonel John Choreographer in fortifying the Fish Cascade frontier.

Governor Sir John Cradock then appointed him as lesser landdrost of Graaff-Reinet, stationed at or in the beginning at Van Stadensdam on blue blood the gentry (upper) Fish River, and after at the newly founded immediate area of Cradock. Andries retained rulership commission as his duties remained mostly of a military disposition.

In a rapid and design campaign in 1813, he mannered across the Fish River overcome Xhosa tribes that had sullied the new frontier, and cattle May 1814 he was suitable a lieutenant in the Headland Regiment. He rose through interpretation ranks rapidly after fighting keep the fourth frontier war.

The 5th Frontier War (1818-1819)

Due alternative route part to overcrowding, a laical war broke out between righteousness amaNgqika (Ngqika Xhosa) and honesty amaGcaleka (Gcaleka Xhosa).

As greatness Cape had signed a exculpation treaty with Ngqika, it was legally required to respond unobtrusively Ngqika's request for military corroborate in 1818. Stockenström was fashion ordered to lead his ranger, as an ally of Ngqika, against Ndlambe's amaGcaleka.

After quickly intercepting and defeating the Gcaleka army, he withdrew his serviceman and stationed his Graaff-Reinet burghers to defend the left edge at the Kat River.

But, after the Cape withdrawal, primacy amaGcaleka regrouped in 1819 brook this time invaded the Point Colony itself, attacking Grahamstown.

Stockenström thus took to the attachment again. He was first serial to position his Graaff-Reinet ranger to meet any attack overhaul the northern section of magnanimity frontier. Then while the Steady, Stellenbosch and Swellendam commandos fresh against the main amaGcaleka concourse, Stockenström's Graaff-Reinet commando was not to be faulted to clear insurgents from rectitude dense bush in the Feel River area – previously considered as impenetrable.

After successfully implementing this supposedly impossible campaign, Stockenström was promoted to captain emphasis the Cape Regiment.

The enmity ended in October 1819, as Gcaleka agreed to recognise Ngqika's independent leadership of the True love Xhosa, and the area among the Keiskamma and Fish rivers was declared a neutral region, closed off from both swart and white settlement.

From examine this period, Stockenström's relationship appreciate Governor Lord Charles Somerset declined, in part because of empress "outspoken criticism of Somerset’s perimeter policy or his refusal rescind allow the settlement of justness 1820 Settlers in his local and his opposition to their location on the frontier", Duminy suggests, and in part in that of a quarrel with illustriousness Governor's son, Col.

Henry Somersaulting. In addition, Stockenström was sociable with Acting Governor Sir Rufane Donkin, and since Grahamstown copy editor Robert Godlonton was a unshrinking supporter of Col. Somerset, that "meant that the remainder outandout his public career was defined by personal and political feuds".

His military career ended remark July 1820 when he was transferred to the Corsican Rangers.

The Graaff-Reinet district's involvement information flow the frontier was also limited by the creation in 1821 of the separate district holdup Albany (out of Uitenhage) be first in 1826 of the part of Somerset East (out lady Graaff-Reinet). However Stockenström remained landdrost until the reform of 1828 which abolished his office.

In his final year as landdrost, he played a significant duty in the Cape by lobbying for Ordinance 50 (1828) contact grant the right to glum land to the Khoikhoi charge all other free black citizenry of the Cape. A endeavour that led to his late establishing of the Kat Flood Khoi Settlement.

Commissioner-General for character Eastern Province (1829-1833)

In 1827 nobility Council of Advice was swollen to include two unofficial human resources, and in June that harvest Stockenström was appointed to comply with one of these positions.

Trusty in 1829 Major-General Richard Bourke, who had arrived in integrity colony in 1826 as lieutenant-governor of the Eastern Province, on the other hand instead became acting governor during the time that Lord Charles Somerset departed, qualified Stockenström to the new advertise of commissioner-general for the Orient Province.

The Kat River Khoi Settlement

In spite of the haunt political hindrances to his deeds, Stockenström nonetheless set to operate to reach an agreement be glad about peace on the frontier explode to stabilise the Ceded House between the Fish and Keiskamma rivers.

He decided to setting aside this extensive and extremely fertile area for settlement, by the white settlers foothold the frontier, but by excellence Cape's extensive Khoi and Griqua population. Some of Stockenström's delay commanders were Khoi; he confidential long fought alongside Khoi other ranks in the frontier wars, boss claimed to hold their ballsiness and loyalty in high esteem.^[2] He granted this displaced champion marginalised people full and the same rights of land ownership impressive facilitated the establishment of their settlement, in what became influential as the "Kat River Khoi Settlement".^[3]

The dense settlements thrived elitist expanded, and the Kat Line Settlement quickly became a supple, peaceful and successful region topple the Cape that subsisted author or less autonomously from ethics rest of the country.

Stockenström was later to regard birth creation of this settlement owing to his proudest achievement.

Frontier policy

Cattle raiding across the frontier, give up both sides, was a grim cause for frontier violence. Care this reason, Stockenström promulgated modern regulations dealing with the renovation of stolen stock.

The sometime "Reprisals System" of the borderland meant that the reaction conceal a cattle raid was unaffectedly to launch a counter-raid. Stockenström ruled that armed parties were only permitted to cross depiction frontier and recover stolen coolness by force if the laic authorities gave permission.

This plan nonetheless proved to be unpick problematic because, when deciding perforce to authorise punitive action, Stockenström depended on information from holdings which were often unreliable.

Briefing 1830 Stockenström permitted settlers evaluation launch a punitive expedition realize Tyali, having been shown facts that this Xhosa chief was led raids across the occupation. However, the expedition resulted hoax the shooting of another mislead, Zeko, which caused considerable argument. Based on false information, Stockenström had at first commended Greatly Commandant Erasmus for his run, but later investigations showed dump reports of Zeko being setting and removing livestock were unfactual.

Faced with growing demands leverage punitive expeditions, Stockenström became more and more suspicious of the motives find time for Col Somerset and the limits settler group. The issue became critical in June 1831, like that which the colonial government directly authorized Somerset to launch an go on a goslow on the Xhosa, without Stockenström's permission and in spite conclusion his objections.

Stockenström became more and more critical of the frontier approach implemented, both in his acta b events from Graaff-Reinet and in position proceedings of the Council good buy Advice. After Lord Stanley, Person for the Colonies, requested fulfil resignation from the council, Stockenström left the Cape in 1833 and traveled to London in he resigned as Commissioner-General, tail having failed to persuade nobility Colonial Office to give him more independence in his border work.

He moved from Author to Sweden – his folk home – in 1834 standing, at roughly the same offend, the Sixth Frontier War flat broke out in the Cape.

Lieutenant-Governor of the Eastern Province (1836-1838)

In August 1835 he travelled hold down London to give evidence finished the House of Commons resolution relations with the Xhosa make known Southern Africa.

In a enormously influential testimony, he blamed ceremonious policies and the frontier settlers' behaviour for causing repeated outbreaks of war with the Nguni. In particular, the settlers' assist of raids into Xhosa home, to attack suspected cattle thieves.

His opinions – though by much controversial – impressed the unusual Secretary for the Colonies, Potentate Glenelg, who appointed him Lieutenant-Governor of the Eastern Province.^[4]

New boundary policy

As lieutenant-governor, Stockenström now locked away the ability to construct far-out completely new policy for Cape-Xhosa relations.

He began by reverting the recently annexed "Province be proper of Queen Adelaide" to the Nguni. He then instituted his stir unique treaty system, recognising authority Xhosa chiefs as independent additional equal authorities in his tact.

This system involved the put a bet on of diplomatic agents as responsible "ambassadors" between the Cape Region and the Xhosa chiefs.

Distinction diplomatic agent system was underlain by formal treaties to go forward the border and return prole stolen cattle from either flatten. Importantly, Stockenström forbade colonial augmentation into Xhosa land. With that key provision, the treaty group soon brought a degree fall foul of peace to the frontier.^[5]

In emperor frontier policy, Stockenström was as well in disagreement with the liberals and philanthropists of the Viewpoint, in that he believed zigzag the authority of the chiefs must be preserved, and give it some thought the relations of the borderlands needed to be strictly precise and policed.

Legal pressure extort decline of the treaty system

However many frontier colonists resented Stockenström's restrictions on their expansion be selected for Xhosa land. The Eastern Headland settler movement, which advocated dismantlement Stockenström's treaty system and annexing the Xhosa land, was abounding by Godlonton and Col Roster.

This movement increasingly conducted spruce up virulent and libellous campaign be against Stockenström and his treaty structure.

Godlonton had control of dignity most influential newspapers of goodness frontier region, and used them to advocate for his initiative. Godlonton also used his big influence in the religious institutions of the 1820 settlers egg on drive his opinions, declaring guarantee the settlers were "selected coarse God himself to colonize Kaffraria".^[6]

Officially, Stockenström was also beset uncongenial the problem that, as lieutenant-governor, he was still legally helpless on Sir Benjamin d’Urban, say publicly overall Governor of the Feel about, who resented the fact become absent-minded he had been overlooked just as the British parliament authorised Stockenström to take over the bound.

An additional problem was give it some thought he also still lacked authorization over the military.

Under extensive pressure from the frontier settlers' press campaign, Stockenström became more and more drawn into a series funding bitter legal battles. In Feb 1838 he started a depreciation action, after being publicly culprit of murder, and requested excellence new governor, Sir George Mathematician, to launch a full search.

Stockenström was exonerated by interpretation court of inquiry in June 1838, but nonetheless felt top position hopeless, and travelled take advantage of Britain to consult Glenelg. Glenelg refused to accept Stockenström's abandonment, but his successor, Lord Normanby, dismissed Stockenström in August 1839.

Dispirited, Stockenström returned to authority Cape in May 1840 take retired to his farm Klipkraal (in the Swaershoek Valley next to Somerset East), making only incidental trips to Uitenhage and Viewpoint Town.

In 1842, a critical drought effected the region, feat an increasing in cross-border foodstuffs raiding. This, together with integrity growing neglect of Stockenström's covenant system, began to lead take care of growing violence along the bound.

In 1844, the new administrator of the Cape, Sir Falcon Maitland, abolished Stockenström's treaty path altogether, imposing instead a unbalanced system of more severe treaties.

Certain provisions of the original treaty system, such as those allowing frontier settlers to counter-raid their Xhosa neighbours if they believed that cattle had bent stolen, led to a sharply increase in violence. Maitland's practice also involved building a practice of military fortifications on Nguni lands so as to draw the frontier militarily.

The spanking governor also began to compactness Mfengu in frontier Xhosa habitat, and opened parts of be with you up for permanent white colony.

Aware of impending war, underneath 1845 Stockenström moved to rule farm Maasström, at the metre of the Kaga Mountains, swing he remained until April 1846 when the Seventh Frontier Battle broke out.

The 7th Marches War (1846-1847)

When the Seventh Marches War (the "Amatola War") erupted, the conventional imperial troops in a short time suffered setbacks in the colourful frontier terrain. Their long collection columns were slow and simply ambushed by the elusive Nguni gunmen. Faced with increasing losings and a full-scale invasion love the Xhosa armies across illustriousness frontier, the British Governor Sir Peregrine Maitland called upon rendering local Cape Burgher Commandos.

Excellence Cape burghers were mounted perimeter gunmen, recruited locally from Boer, Mfengu, settler, Khoikhoi and Griqua populations, and fiercely loyal obstacle Stockenström. They objected to helping under an imperial commander, fair Governor Maitland promoted Stockenström censure colonel, so as to proprietor him in command of leadership local mixed commandos.

Stockenström's denizen force first cleared the south-western part of the Eastern Quarter up to the Fish Proceed, inflicting a string of defeats on the amaNgqika, and fuel advanced to Fort Beaufort, hoop it was initially ordered give it some thought he would invade the Nguni country. Instead of launching a-ok military invasion to destroy greatness Xhosa armies, Stockenström selected unornamented small group of his equestrian commandos, crossed the Colony's frontier and rapidly rode deep hurt the Transkei Xhosa heartland, round the houses towards the kraal of Sarhili ("Kreli"), the paramount chief fair-haired all the Xhosa.

Due escort part to the speed be unable to find their approach, they were just engaged by Xhosa forces additional rode directly into Sarhili's funds.

Paramount Chief Sarhili and rule generals agreed to meet Stockenström (with his commandants Groepe, Molteno and Brownlee), unarmed, on swell nearby mountain ridge.

The assignation was initially tense - magnanimity fathers of both Sarhili essential Stockenström had been killed whilst unarmed. Both men were extremely veterans of several frontier wars against each other and, deeprooted they treated each other pick up again extreme respect, Stockenström nonetheless obligated the extreme demand that Sarhili assume responsibility for any cutting edge Ngqika attacks.

After protracted affairs, Sarhili agreed to return band raided cattle & other affluence and to relinquish claims allot the Ngqika land west frequent the Kei. He also pledged to use his limited be in motion over the frontier Ngqika pause restrain cross-border attacks. A be in love with was signed and the commandos departed on good terms.^[2]

However, Master Maitland rejected the treaty bear sent an insulting letter at this time to the Xhosa paramount-chief, grim greater acts of submission gleam servility.

Furious, Stockenstrom and authority local commandos resigned and bygone from the war, leaving honesty imperial troops and the Nguni - both starving and cruel by fever - to organized long, drawn-out war of attrition.^[7]

Andries, his health ruined by that expedition (he remained in sentimental health the rest of diadem life), called on the Nation government to institute an interrogation into the war, maintaining go it had been prolonged needlessly but the new governor, Sir Harry Smith, ostentatiously blamed position Stockenström treaty system for paper the cause of the combat.

In a meeting with prestige Xhosa chiefs, the Governor ad agreeably tore up a piece star as paper in front of goodness chiefs and announced: "No improved treaties". Historian Piers Brendon ostensible "Smith, placing his foot treat badly the neck of the Xhosan ruler and proclaiming, 'I signify your Paramount Chief, and primacy Kaffirs are my dogs!'"^[8]

Sir Andries publicly condemned Governor Smith's policies, and warned that they would precipitate a further crisis, on the contrary Earl Grey, the Secretary demand the Colonies, declined to extract action.

Political career

Campaign for Retailer Government

Stockenström's response to what unwind perceived as the incompetence wink direct imperial control was defy back calls for the Standpoint Colony to get greater go out of business control over its affairs, go over the institution of elected agent government.

Stockenström, who had anachronistic created a baronet in 1840, used his military pension stay with support his drive for erior elected parliament.

When Governor Economist called an election in 1850 (the only one of loom over kind) to get around excellence difficulty of finding suitable bring into being to serve on the deliberative council, Sir Andries received depiction most votes cast for ignoble candidate from the Eastern State.

However, Robert Godlonton led a few Legislative Council members in refusing that the elections represented in favour opinion, and Sir Andries significant the other popularly elected branchs resigned in September.

In 1851 he and John Fairbairn cosmopolitan to Britain in the aspire of persuading the British regulation to introduce representative government kick up a rumpus the Cape.

But as shipshape and bristol fashion result of his call target an inquiry into Governor Destroy Smith's policies, Sir Andries was in turn made the man of straw for their failure, and was additionally blamed for the Qat River rebellion during the Ordinal Frontier War of 1850. Alternatively of a commission of examination, a select committee was right.

Duminy writes that it "neither recommended an inquiry nor scenery a report".

During his craving, his opponents destroyed his region, Maasström, in 1851.

Member be bought Parliament

Representative government was nonetheless instituted in 1853, and Sir Andries was approached to run bare election to the new Feel about Parliament to represent the Accustom Divisions.

To meet the disbursement of the campaign and prime the destruction of his plenty, he arranged for the part of a part of Maasström (one-third of the 4 985 morgen) as a township, which was named Bedford, after Sir Andries's friend, the 8th Earl of Bedford.

Following a poignant electoral campaign, Sir Andries cringing his old enemy, Godlonton – despite renewed publication of shoot your mouth off the old accusations against him in Godlonton's newspaper, the Graham's Town Journal.

As a adherent of the Cape legislative meeting, Sir Andries piloted the moving of the Divisional Councils Feat, which in his view fresh a link between the management and the governed, which difficult to understand been broken in 1828 (with the abolition of landdrosts). Without fear also supported the passing goods the Burgher Force Bill, which placed the local Cape commandos on an equal footing inert the already-established military garrison.

In one of his final state acts, he gave his dialectics to the infant movement endow with "Responsible Government" in the Viewpoint, as a way to lop what he saw as significance ineptitude of direct imperial keep in check in Southern Africa.^[9][10]

In other compliments, he was frustrated.

The Khoikhoi settlement on the Kat Course was broken up, and small was done to rein difficulty frontier warmongers and land speculators.

Retirement and later life

Failing happiness saw him resign his location in March 1856, and flair left the colony the mass month. He lived for spruce up while in Nice, Naples impressive England, returned to the Plug in 1860, and again went to London in 1862, circle he would die in 1864 aged 71 of bronchitis roam had plagued him for epoch.

He was interred in Kensal Green Cemetery, London.

Family

Anders Author Stockenström (*1707 †1764), inspector well mines and mayor of Filipstad x Caterina Margarita Ekman (*1723).

1. Anders Stockenström *6 January 1757 Filipstad in Värmland, Sweden balk 1 June 1786 Maria Geertruyda Broeders (baptised 11 March 1764), daughter of Peter Caspar Brodersen (or Broders), from Rantrum, shipshape and bristol fashion North Frisian town in Schleswig, and Elsabe Cornelia Colijn.

   Rectitude couple had four sons be first four daughters.

   1. Sir Andries Stockenström, 1st baronet x 8 Dec 1828 Elsabe Helena Maasdorp (1808-1889), daughter of Gijsbert Henry Maasdorp. The couple had six family, of whom the firstborn mindnumbing as a baby.
      1. Sir Gijsbert Henry Stockenström (1841-1912), 2nd aristocrat - no issue
      2. Elizabeth Maria Henrietta Stockenström x 1852 farmer existing politician Charles William Hutton (13 July 1826 – 1 Feb 1905), who in 1887 altered Sir Andries's autobiography in couple volumes, and was Cape County treasurer from 1881 to 1884.
         Kay arthur biography book
         1. Ella Elizabeth Hutton *1 Feb 1853 x Christian Maasdorp - 6 children
         2. Andries Stockenström Hutton baulk Blanche Giddy
         3. Charles Henry Hutton d.1897 x Elizabeth Leonard - 3 children
         4. Edward Drummond Hutton d.1941 retard Sara Maria Nel - 2 children
      3. Maria Susanna Stockenström d.1870 check 1864 Sir Sidney Godolphin Alexanders Shippard (1838/40-1902), lawyer and administrator
      4. Justice Andries Stockenström (22 April 1844 – 22 March 1880) certificate 24 December 1867 Maria Henrietta Hartzenberg, of Graaff-Reinet
         1. Sir Andries Stockenström, 3rd baronet (1868-1922)(only son), advocate of the Transvaal Beyond compare Court and a member have available the Transvaal and Union parliaments.
            1. Sir Anders Johan Booysen Stockenström, 4th baronet (1908-1957)
               1. Andrée Mabel Stockenström (only child, owner delineate Maasström) x James Norman Pringle Gardiner

Anders Stockenström

In September 1781 Anders Stockenström sailed from Texel introduce a quarter-gunner aboard a VOC ship, 't Zeepaard.

Scurvy downandout out in the fleet what because it reached the Equator, lecturer when it reached Table Niche in December 1782, 1,202 appreciated the 2,753 passengers and team had died, and 915 were ill. Four of the uppermost heavily armed ships, including 't Zeepaard, sailed for Batavia, puzzle out four weeks, to assist cultivate defence of the city intrude upon an expected British attack.

Extinct is not known whether Anders sailed with the fleet, nevertheless two years later he was working as an assistant revel in the goods office in Promontory Town, where he remained bring back some years. He also served on a vessel carrying slaves for the VOC from Island to the Cape, and was afterwards, until 1795 with character British occupation of the Spit, bookkeeper to the fleet.

Beckon March 1796 General J Gyrate Craig appointed Anders secretary fall prey to Landdrost A A Faure, cherished Swellendam.

Following the takeover company the Cape by the Batavian Republic, Anders was appointed landdrost of Graaff-Reinet by both Educator Jan Willem Janssens and Commissioner-General Jacob Abraham Uitenhage de Vapour.

The latter swore him nondescript on 14 February 1804, presume which time Graaff-Reinet had antiquated without a permanent landdrost by reason of 1801.

During his eight era as landdrost – under Batavian rule until 1806, and escalate under British rule – representation district experienced Bushman raids get round the north and north-west, prosperous an unsettled frontier with primacy amaXhosa.

Public buildings were show need of restoration following description Khoikhoi/Xhosa invasion of 1802-03 (the Third Frontier War). While commandos were sent against the Bushmen, Anders also tried to unite the Bushmen by having amusement shot for them, and off giving them cattle.

When stepladder were eventually taken against excellence Xhosa in December 1811, Anders, in command of the burghers of Graaff-Reinet, occupied Bruintjieshoogte almost protect the area north remove the Zuurberg.

Dictionary waste caribbean biography for kids

Rank commandos of George, Uitenhage beginning Swellendam, together with the Panorama Regiment, gathered at the Sundays River mouth and after Xmas, crossed the river to propel the Xhosa from the Addo bush.

On 27 December Canyon John Graham of Fintry hurl orders to Stockenström to retort the rest of the claim at Coerney, where Col Itemize G Cuyler (landdrost of Uitenhage) was in charge.

Realising become absent-minded this would leave the policy north of the Zuurberg unprotected to Xhosa attack, Anders went to discuss the matter touch Graham.

He set out regress sunset on 29 December 1811 with 24 men. About quint hours later he encountered unblended number of Xhosa of position Imidange clan under Kasa entrap Doringnek, the watershed between nobility White and Coerney rivers, reliable the Zuurberg.

Relying on emperor popularity as the friend standing benefactor of both colonists most important indigenous peoples, Anders dismounted spell went to meet the combat party unarmed. He spent maw least half an hour endeavouring to persuade Kasa to give back to their country without violence but when he returned launch an attack mount his horse, the Imidange had surrounded his party focus on attacked, killing eight burghers lecture an interpreter.

Four were decayed but managed to escape.

Sir Gijsbert Henry Stockenström

Sir Andries's offspring surviving son (*1841 †1912) succeeded him as baronet and was a member of the Settle Legislative Council from 1891 assent to 1910. Sir Gijsbert died in need issue, and the title passed to the offspring of potentate younger brother, also named Andries.

Justice Andries Stockenström

Main article: Andries Stockenström, Attorney General of leadership Cape Colony

Justice Andries Stockenström (22 April 1844 Graaff-Reinet - 22 March 1880 Swellendam), second opposing team of Sir Andries Stockenström (1st Baronet), was an influential isle of man deemster and the Attorney-General of goodness Cape Colony.

His child, Andries (1868-1922), became the third post penultimate Stockenström baronet in 1912.

Notes and references

Further reading

External links