Purandara dasaru biography of martin

Purandara Dasa

Music composer (1470 – 1564)

"Purandaradasa" redirects here. For the 1937 Indian film, see Purandaradasa (film).

For the 1967 Indian film, inspect Sri Purandara Dasaru.

Purandara Dasa

Purandara Dasa on a 1964 stamp of India

Born

Srinivasa Nayaka


1470

Araga, Vijayanagara Empire (Modern Day Thirthahalli, Mysore, India)[2]

Died2 January 1564(1564-01-02) (aged 93–94)

Vijayanagara, Vijayanagara Empire (Modern Day Hampi, State, India)

SpouseSaraswati Bai
OccupationCarnatic Vocalist, scholar, Angel, poet, composer
ReligionHinduism
PhilosophyDvaita, Vaishnavism
GuruVyasatirtha

Purandara Dasa (IAST: Purandara Dāsa;[3] (c.1470 – c.1564) was a composer, singer allow a Haridasa philosopher from fashionable Karnataka, India.[4] He was top-notch follower of Madhvacharya's Dvaita epistemology.

He was one of authority chief founding proponents of Carnatic music. In honor of rule contributions to Carnatic music, good taste is referred to as integrity Pitamaha (lit. "grandsire") of Carnatic music.[5][6][7][8] According to a version, he is considered as differentiation incarnation of Narada.[9][10]

Purandara Dasa was a wealthy merchant of money, silver and other miscellaneous 1 from Karnataka, who gave horizontal all his material riches quality become a Haridasa (literally gathering a servant of Vishnu enjoyable Krishna), a devotional singer who made the difficult Sanskrit doctrine of Bhagavata Purana available work to rule everyone in simple and dulcet songs.

He was one work out the most important music scholars of medieval India.[11][12][13] He formulated the basic lessons of edification Carnatic music by structuring total exercises known as Svaravalis splendid Alankaras,[11] and at the be the same as time, he introduced the ragaMayamalavagowla as the first scale withstand be learnt by beginners tackle the field – a custom that is still followed at the moment.

He also composed Gitas (simple songs) for novice students.

Purandara Dasa is noted for placement Dasa Sahithya, as a Bhakti movement vocalist, and a opus scholar. His younger contemporary, Kanakadasa, emulated his practice. Purandara Dasa's Carnatic music compositions are regularly in Kannada, though some move back and forth in Sanskrit.

He signed empress compositions with the ankitanama (pen name) "Purandara Vittala" (Vittala recapitulate another name of Vishnu) dowel this same form of Vishnu is his aaradhya daiva bring to the surface ishta murthi or worshippable creator. His work was appreciated soak many scholars of his meaning and later scholars.

Biography

Inscriptional corroborate suggests Purandara Dasa was home-grown to a diamond merchant respect a KannadaDeshastha Madhva Brahmin kith and kin in 1470,[14][15][16] in Purandara gada,18 kms far from pune existing Maharashtra state.[17] According to attention opinions,[who?] his native town was Purandaraghatta in Karnataka,[18] or Purandaragad near Pune, but the try is considered a historical error – connecting his "pen name" (his ankita) with a mass that mainly served as copperplate military encampment in the Fifteenth and 16th century.[19] In 2018, a five-member committee set commit by the Government of Mysore to ascertain the birthplace ceremony Purandara Dasa has submitted tight report asserting Tirthahalli as influence likeliest candidate.

The committee target veteran singer and musicologist Glance Padmanabha, scholars Aralumallige Parthasarathi, AV Navada, Veeranna Rajora, and past minister Leeladevi Navada.[20] It testing now ascertained that Purandharadasa was born in Araga, Vijayanagara Luence (Modern Day Thirthahalli, Karnataka, India), Karnataka[21][2]

Purandara Dasa was the one and only son of the wealthy purveyor Varadappa Nayaka and his mate Rukmini.

He was named Srinivasa Nayaka, after the patron 1 of Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala. Unquestionable acquired proficiency in Kannada, Indic, and sacred music through breeding. At the age of 16, he was married to Saraswati Bai, traditionally described as systematic pious young girl. They difficult four sons, Varadappa, Gururaya, Abhinavappa and Madhvapati.

He lost monarch parents at age 20, thereby inheriting his father's business flawless gemstones and pawning. He prospered and became known as Navakoti Narayana (an abundantly rich man; worth ninety million).

Popular romance narrates a miraculous incident instructions Srinivasa Nayaka's life, owing disturb which he was led equal devote himself to the run through, propagation and inculcation of bhakti (devotion) towards Krishna through euphonious compositions.

As a consequence confront the event, he is ostensible to have relinquished his earlier greedy and miserly self acceptance realized the worthlessness of linking to worldly possessions:[22] Per that version, the deity in straighten up bid to cure Srinivaasa stand for his tenacious materialistic delusion stand for attachment and thereby claim queen devotion to himself, approached Srinivaasa in the guise of straight poor man.

In this finish the deity is said take a breather have made a piteous return to Srinivasa for money collect perform his son's 'upanayana'(sacred-thread donation ceremony).

Having been summarily excluded, mocked and turned out, goodness 'poor man' repeated his answer before Srinivaasa's wife who dense the legend was a compassionate soul of rigorous spiritual add.

She gave away one have available her precious nose rings, anonymous to her husband. The 'poor man' sold the nose be violent towards back to Srinivasa himself. Influence shrewd Srinivasa, privy to dominion wife's openhandedness, immediately identified significance nose ring as his wife's and hurried home. He was enraged and anxious to intensify the truth of the sum.

He demanded his wife manuscript produce the nose ring in advance him immediately.

Realizing that Srinivaasa had grown wise to give someone his secret donation, the wife granted to end her life walkout poison. Having completed her prayers to Vishnu before her beginning, she was shocked to put under somebody's nose a nose ring inside primacy poison cup – completely aforesaid to the one she esoteric just given away.

Incredulous take up rapturous, she recounted the complete episode to her husband, who was bewildered and lost. Interlude, a search for the 'poor man' was of no avail; he had as mysteriously strayed as he had appeared.

Per legend at that very flash, Srinivaasa became convinced of honourableness inscrutable ways of Vishnu by reason of of having witnessed the persistent grace that saved his chubby wife.

He is said nominate have become bewildered at high-mindedness power that could produce exceptional gold ornament in a athletic by mere will and admiration said to have instantly shook off the beginning-less, persistent confusing in the form of 'I' and 'mine' which is putative to mask men's vision counterfeit the divine.

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Strength 30 years of age proscribed gave away all his prosperity in charity, and with wreath family he abandoned his platform to lead the life spick and span a mendicant. They start days on alms and singing description glories of Vishnu. In empress first song composition, he laments his wasted life of acceptance.

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It begins with rank words "Ana lae kara" gradient the Shuddha Saveriraga, set stop by Triputa tala.

In the complete of his wandering, he reduction the sage Vyasatirtha, one delightful the chief exponents of Madhwa philosophy and the Rajaguru sell like hot cakes Krishnadevaraya, emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire.

According to Prof. Sambamoorthy,[23] Srinivasa had his formal examination at the hands of Vyasatirtha in 1525 when he was about 40 years old, portray the name Purandara Daasa presented on him. Purandara Daasa cosmopolitan through the length and beam of the Vijayanagara Empire survive Pandharapur in Maharashtra composing unacceptable rendering soul-stirring songs in kudos of God.

He spent realm last years in Hampi swallow also sang songs in Krishnadevaraya's court. The mantapa (mandap) creepy-crawly which he stayed is painstaking as Purandara Daasa Mantapa (mandap) in Hampi. He died object 2 January 1564 at honesty age of 95. Within deft short period after his have killed, the Vijayanagara Empire collapsed.

Custom and legend hold that take action composed 475,000 keerthanas (songs). Another, according to this legend, original desire was to inscribe 500,000 keerthanas. Being unable bring under control do it in his bake life, he requested his onetime son to complete them. Jurisdiction son Madhwapathi told his clergyman that he could do that in his next janma (birth).

It is believed that lighten up was reborn as the celebrated Vijayadasa—birthplace is Cheekalparvi village secure Maanvi town, Raichur district skull Karnataka State—and completed the desecrate 25 thousand keerthanas as committed. Most of his songs be cautious about in praise of Vishnu endure other divinities. Due to that, he is believed to cast doubt on an avatar of Narada, honourableness celestial singer and son staff goddess Saraswati.

One of interpretation Trimurtis (three icons) of Carnatic music, Saint Tyagaraja, has cause to feel tribute to Purandara Dasa trim his geya natakam (an opera) Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam.[24]

Dating

Purandara Dasa's crop of demise is 1564 in that given by his son Madhvapati and this is well filmed.

But his year of delivery is unknown. Several different dates have been proposed by a number of scholars, authors and historians. Ill at ease. N. K. Sharma in potentate book History of Dvaita Hindooism which was published in 1960, wrote year of birth announcement Purandara Dasa as 1484 family unit on his own logic bracket in later reprints he different this year to 1494.

On the contrary many scholars, authors and historians have different opinions on that. Authors Guy L. Beck run through University of South Carolina[26] most important William Joseph Jackson of Town University gave dates as 1480-1564 CE.[27] Prominent scholar Amaresh Datta, the chief editor of magnanimity Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature in print by Sahitya Akademi in that book he gave Purandara Dasa dates as 1480-1564.[28] But family unit on the historical event invite Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya captain the keerthanas (spiritual songs) roam they have sung together pointer Sri Venkateshwara Swamy at Tirumala, which were recorded by Annamacharya's grandson Tallapaka Chinanna, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams gave year of onset of Purandara as 1470.

Dates household on Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya

Most of the authors or scholars have not taken the chronological event of Purandara Dasa get-together Annamacharya and both singing sankeerthanas (devotional songs) on Sri Venkateshwara Swamy at Tirumala into compassion while decided the dates.

On the other hand based on the manuscripts institute, which were written by Tallapaka Chinanna, the grandson of Annamacharya Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams gave it's analysis. Based on these manuscripts, Purandara Dasa met Annamacharya rearguard taking Haridasa initiation from Vyasatirtha in Hampi when he was 30 years old and Annamacharya was in his 90's.

Rear 1 meeting both Purandara Dasa captain Annamacharya sang songs in principal of Sri Venkateshwara Swamy bank on Tirumala temple. Based on these historical recorded events the scholars of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams sincere analysis and finally declared meander Purandara Dasa met Annamacharya pull off the year 1500 and description year of birth of Purandara Dasa as 1470.[29][30][31]

R.

Sri Hari, the Vice Chancellor of Indian University in his book, "Major Genres and Trends in Tongue Literature: Classical", in 2003 as well published about this historical not pass as follows, "The meeting register Annamayya and Purandaradasa as narrated by Tallapaka Chinnanna was a-ok historical fact which heralded span new phase in the alternation of the Padakavita Paddhati imprisoned the south, into Karnataka Sangīta Paddhati on one hand talented the Bhajana Sampradaya Paddhati to be expected the other".[32]

Influence on Karnataka (aka carnatic) music

Purandara Dasa systematized authority method of teaching Karnataka (Carnatic) music which is followed stopper the present day.

He alien the ragaMayamalavagowla as the leader scale for music instruction abide fashioned a series of be positioned lessons such as swaravalis, janti swaras, alankaras, lakshana geetas, prabandhas, ugabhogas, daatu varase, geeta, sooladis and kritis.[5] Another contribution was the fusion of bhava, raga, and laya in his compositions.

He included comments on very great daily life and elements game colloquial language in his words. He introduced folk ragas cross the threshold the mainstream, setting his words to ragas of his dowry so that even a everyday man could learn and bewildering them.[33] He also composed many lakshya and lakshana geetas, uncountable of which are sung extract this day.

His sooladis shard regarded as musical masterpieces bear are the standard for raga lakshana. Scholars attribute the normalization of varna mettus entirely within spitting distance Purandara Dasa.[34]

Travelling Haridasa successors strengthen said to have followed justness systems[clarification needed] he devised, roost orally transmitted his compositions.

According to traditional sources, his compositions numbers as many as 4,75,000.[35] His original collection of songs is referred to as Purandaropanishat[10] as given by Vyasatirtha unintelligent of which only 1000 tip available right now.

Shri.Dasa was a vaggeyakara (composer-performer), a lakshanakara (musicologist), and the founder dead weight musical pedagogy.

Musicologists call him the Sangeeta Pitamaha (lit. "grandfather") of Karnataka (Carnatic) music.[36]

Social reforms

Purandara Dasa tried to reform grant social practices and preached do again devotional songs in the shut down Kannada language.[37] Most of crown keertanas deal with social change and pinpoint the defects directive society.[38] The philosophy of Purandara Dasa is harmonious with grandeur concept of bhakti in Faith, broadly based on the Narada Bhakti Sutras and essentially concurrent with the pan-Indian Bhakti amplify.

It teaches complete self-surrender duct unadulterated love towards God. High-mindedness philosophy of Bhakti in Purandara Dasa's compositions stems from say publicly essential teachings of the realistic-pluralistic Madhva Philosophy of Vaishnavism, innermost has been rendered in abysmal Kannada. The individual soul (jeeva) is a pratibimba (reflection) strain God (Vishnu/Ishvara), who is primacy bimba (source).

The jeeva owes its existence, knowledge and rapture to the Ishvara, and band sense of independence with salutation to one's actions and description results thereof is to snigger given up.[39] The mind has to be turned away differ transient pleasures and possessions outandout this world; instead, it review to be turned towards Vishnu, who alone is the house of unadulterated, unswerving bliss.

Rule keerthanas have simple lessons be sure about this regard and implore joe six-pack to lead the noble be in motion of a Vaishnava.[40]

Casteism

Purandara Dasa fought the evils of casteism on account of his songs.[41] In his express aavakulavaadarenu aavanadarenu aatma bhavavariyada mele he wonders what is significance use if one does groan understand the spirit of ism whatever caste or status lone might be accredited to.[41] Enfold the same song when narrative to cows of different identity and sugarcane of different shapes he emphasizes that one's onset cannot merely decide the altitude or lowness of any individual.[41] He asks will the song of crooked sugarcane be likewise crooked or will the wring of cows of many graceful colour be also of multitudinous colours.[41] He asked people down do their best in righteousness world, to provide food alight charity to the poor, relieve others and give up fit.

He was against the blood system, and believed true tribe was based on character, party on birth. Sacrifice did watchword a long way imply the slaughter of animals, but the slaying of one's bad qualities.[42]

Gender equality

According to Purandara Dasa, there were no inequalities among men and women. Both of them had the exact rights and obligations in their conduct of everyday life reorganization well as observation of grace.

Purandara Dasa distinctly described picture quality of a virtuous girl. According to him, the roll neck chains, bangles and other gewgaws that women wore were need important; the beauty of embodiment and noble conduct were in trade true embellishments.[43]

Untouchability

Purandara Dasa made few forceful expressions on untouchability, which was dogging society.[41] His precision comes perhaps from the bolster of his guru Vyasathirtha enter the backing of king Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara himself.[41] In assault such song Holaya horagithane oorolagillave he opines that an solitary should not be branded harijan based on his/her birth fit in any specific caste, however well-heeled is rather his conduct which should make him untouchable on the assumption that at all he can attach called so.

The usage call upon the word untouchable is yowl used in the limited action of physical contact with influence person, it is the unimportance of the association with divagate person which is highlighted nearby. This is evident by goodness subsequent expressions in the vent which says that one who does not practice self-discipline practical untouchable, one who plots combat his government is untouchable, distinct who shirks charity while getting wealth is untouchable, one who poisons to eliminate his opponents is untouchable, one who does not use soft language court case untouchable, one who prides let pass his purity of caste recap untouchable and finally one who does not meditate on Purandara Vittala is untouchable.[41] Dasa's sign is loud and clear opposing untouchability in our society.[41] Pacify uses the name of Purandara Vittala to imply any God.[41] This is evident from ruler other songs on various Upper circle and Goddesses.[41] Similar ideas were expressed by many other poets also.[41]

Legacy and depictions in approved culture

In contemporary music

In the unattractive Carnatic tradition, Bidaram Krishnappa was one of the foremost vocalists burden of modern times to vulgarise the compositions of Purandara Dasa.

Singer Madras Lalithangi, and breach illustrious daughter Padmavibushan, Sangeetha Kalanidhi M. L. Vasanthakumari have rendered yeoman service in propagating representation compositions of Purandara Dasa; both were considered authorities on Purandara Dasa. M. L. Vasantha Kumari was awarded an honorary degree by Mysore University for back up contributions to Purandara Dasa's penalization.

Though the compositions of Purandara Dasa are originally in blue blood the gentry ragas of the Carnatic profile of music, his compositions be born with been adopted and made alike popular in Hindustani music. Hindostani music legends such as Bhimsen Joshi, Madhav Gudi and Basavaraj Rajguru have made them much popular in recent years.

Classical vocalists and musicians such bring in Upendra Bhat, Puttur Narasimha Nayak, Venkatesh Kumar, Nagaraja Rao Havaldar, Ganapathi Bhatt, Vidyabhushana, Pravin Godkhindi, Nachiketa Sharma, Sangeetha Katti, cranium the Bombay Sisters are in progress the tradition of singing reprove performing Purandara Dasa's compositions cranium other Dasa Sahitya songs deception Carnatic as well as Hindi music concerts.

Of late, Metropolis Ramachandracharya is industriously propagating dasa sahitya through his concerts. Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams is also propagating the dasa krithis through righteousness Dasa Sahitya Project. He too composed the first lullaby songs in Carnatic music, such primate Thoogire Rangana[44] and Gummana Kareyadire,[45] which led to the style of many similar songs wishy-washy others.

Memorials and monuments

The Purandara Mantapa[46] adjoining the Vijayavittala sanctuary at Hampi is one hold the long-standing monuments relating belong Purandara Dasa. This is ring he is said to own acquire composed and sung in jubilate of Vishnu.

Purandara Dasa go over said to have composed king well-known song, ‘Aadisidaleshoda jagadoddharana’ give your blessing to infant Sri Krishna, in ragaKapi, at the Aprameyaswamy temple accent Doddamallur, Channapattana taluk, Karnataka.

Splendid small mantapa outside the place is named after him, hoop he is said to enjoy stayed as he passed raid the village.[47]

A statue of Purandara Dasa has been erected even the foothills of Tirumala mission Alipiri.[48][49] A statue of Purandara Dasa adorns the Asthana Mandapam (auditorium) on the Tirumala heap.

A huge statue of Purandara Dasaru is erected at honourableness holy premises of Uttaradi Matha,Bangalore

Sri Purandara Dasa Memorial Scamper (SPDMT),[50] formed in Bangalore tag 2007, has been actively active in promoting and researching edge your way aspects of the life direct works of Purandara Dasa. Excellent 3500-square-foot concert hall, called 'Purandara Mantapa', has been erected resolve the premises of the Assign.

The Indiranagar Sangeetha Sabha (ISS) at Indiranagar, Bangalore formed infringe 1986, has dedicated an vestibule with a seating capacity signify 600 called Purandara Bhavana[51] largely for cultural events, inaugurated provoke Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam,[52] to his memory.

Salutations

  • On 14 January 1964, the Bharat Security Press – Department disturb Posts had issued a settle in honour of Purandarasa Dasa on his 400th death anniversary.[53]
  • Tirupati Tirumala Devasthanam has propagated bid popularised the literature of Purandara Dasa under the Dasa Sahitya Project.[54]

Biographical movies and documentaries

Three outline films, in the Kannada idiolect, have been made on significance life and compositions of Purandara Dasa.

Aradhana

Main article: Purandaradasa Aradhana

Aradhana is a religious-devotional observation, restricted annually, to remember and contribute to saintly persons on the festival of the completion of their earthly lives. Purandara Dasa's aradhana or punyadina is held arrangement the pushya bahula amavasya[57] pencil in the Indian Chandramana calendar (a new moon day, generally redraft February–March).

Musicians and art aficionados in the state of Province, South India and many spry and religious centres around class world observe this occasion fine-tune religious and musical fervour. Fillet compositions are sung by conventional and upcoming artists on that day.

In 2022, aradhanas rush happening in India and be careful the world even to that day.

Compilations of Purandara Dasa's lyrics

See also

References

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    August 2018.

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    (2006). Karnataka Sangeetha Sastra. Chennai: Zion Printers. p. 93: "He is putative to be the Pitamaha befit Carnatic music because he statute the teaching of Carnatic melody by evolving several graded ranking like Sarali, Jantai and Tattu Varisai; alankaras and geethams")

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Cited sources

  • Sharma, B.N.K. (2000). History of dignity Dvaita School of Vedanta person in charge Its Literature. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN .
  • Shistla, Rajeshwara Shastry (2015). Purandara Dasu.

    Anil Kumar Singhal, I.A.S., Executive Officer, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati and Printed at T.T.D Press, Tirupati.

Further reading

  • The Vedanta kesari, Volume 49, Sri Ramakrishna Math., 1964, p. 419
  • Kassebaum, Gayatri Rajapur. ‘Karnatak raga’ (2000). In Arnold, Alison.

    The Garland Encyclopedia of Universe Music. New York City & London: Taylor & Francis.

  • Dr. Vasudev Agnihotry "Purandaradasaru mattu Shri Like crazy Bhagavata Ondu Toulanika Adhyayana" PhD Osmania University Hyderabad, India 1984 Publisher: Samskriti Prakashana Sedam. Keertana Vidya nagar sedam 58522 dist gulbarga Karnataka

External links