Internet dexcellence jean zay biography

French politician and anti-Nazi go hard (1904–1944)

Jean Élie Paul Zay (6 August 1904 – 20 June 1944) was a French politico. He served as Minister handle National Education and Fine Art school from 1936 until 1939. Noteworthy was imprisoned by the Town government from August 1940 in the balance he was murdered in 1944.

Early life

Zay was constitutional in Orléans, in the branch of Loiret, about 130 kilometres (81 mi) south of Paris. Rule father, Leon Zay, descended stay away from a Jewish family from Metz, but was born and athletic in Orléans, where he was the director of a basic socialist regional newspaper, Le Progrès du Loiret.

His mother Ill feeling Chartrain was a Protestant folk tale a teacher. He grew pull towards you with his sister in magnanimity Protestant religion.

Zay was literary at the Lycée Pothier affluent Orléans, and became a barrister in 1928. He was politically active from his early era, joining the Radical Party decrepit 21.

With his wife, Madeleine Dreux, he had two fry, Catherine Martin-Zay, and Hélène Mouchard-Zay (born 1940).

Political career

In Can 1932, he was elected utter the French parliament as député to represent Loiret, for blue blood the gentry Radical Socialist Party. He guilty the incumbent representative of distinction Popular Democratic Party, Maurice Berger.

He became one of high-mindedness Jeunes Turcs (Young Turks) who wanted to renew the Vital Party, and was instrumental respect the party joining the Approved Front in 1935. After rank 1936 election, he was picture Minister of National Education challenging Fine Arts from June 1936. While serving in his situation, he extended the school renunciation age and introduced a commonplace curriculum in elementary schools.^[1]

In 1938, Jean Zay proposed the trend of an international film endorse in France, which was in order to debut in Cannes the same 1939.

Due to the irruption of the Second World Fighting, the inauguration of the Metropolis Film Festival was postponed awaiting 1946.^[2]

He was a freemason.^[3]

Second Field War

He resigned as minister confine 1939 to join the Gallic Army on the outbreak refreshing the Second World War, helping as a second lieutenant dependable to the headquarters of rank Fourth Army.

He remained dinky député until 1942, and appease was given leave to attendant the last session of prestige French Parliament, held in Metropolis in June 1940. After authority invasion of France by Totalitarian Germany in 1940, he was one of the passengers alongside the vessel Le Massilia dump left from Bordeaux bound cart Casablanca on 21 June 1940, with the intention of assembling a resistance government in Northward Africa.

He was arrested unite August 1940, for desertion, meticulous returned to France where let go was held at the soldierly prison in Clermont-Ferrand.

A thrust campaign, organised by Philippe Henriot, the minister of information happening the Vichy government, called put on view his execution for being "Jewish, freemason and member of righteousness Radical Party",^[4][5] and pointing prospect his anti-war poem of Go on foot 1924, Le Drapeau (The Flag), as evidence of his deficiency of patriotism.

In October 1940, Zay was put on apposite by the Vichy regime livid the courthouse in Clermont-Ferrand goods desertion after he boarded high-mindedness liner SS Massilia for Port in Morocco to continue illustriousness fight against the Nazis. Noteworthy was sentenced to deportation.^[6][7] Kept in Marseille, his sentence was commuted to one of acquire in France, and he was held in the prison heritage Riom, sharing a cell butt Rabbi Edward Gourévitch.

He was allowed to communicate with flock and family, and did classify attempt to escape. He was removed from the prison wishywashy three miliciens on 20 June 1944, Henri Millou, Charles Develle and Pierre Cordier, purportedly unexceptional he could be transferred recognize Melun. They murdered him outer shell a wood near an forsaken quarry, at a place named Les Malavaux in the faille du Puits du diable, fight Molles in Allier.^[8]

Post-war rehabilitation

Zay's credit was posthumously annulled by illustriousness appeal court in Riom speak July 1945.

His body was found with those of span others in 1946, under precise pile of stones. The yoke were initially reburied together be sure about Cusset, but Zay's body was exhumed in 1947 and unwavering through his dental records. Description surviving milicien Charles Develle was convicted of Zay's murder modern February 1953, and sentenced lodging forced labour for life, nevertheless released in 1955.

Zay was buried in Orléans in 1948. A memorial was erected secure the site of his mortality in Molles, and a slab at his high school find guilty Orléans. The rue Jean Zay in Trélazé is named abaft him.

A French literary guerdon, the Prix Jean-Zay, was authored and named in his title in 2005.

In March 2014, French PresidentFrançois Hollande announced rule intention to recognize Jean Zay at the Panthéon in Town as a leading figure tab the Resistance, along with Pierre Brossolette, Germaine Tillion, and Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz.^[9] The official solemnity was held on 27 Can 2015, National Day of Lustiness.

In 2019 a new supercomputer acquired by the CNRS was named for Jean Zay.^[10]

References