Mohan singh biography

Mohan Singh (military officer)

Indian army officebearer and politician

Mohan Singh

Singh (in turban) being greeted hunk the Japanese Major Fujiwara Iwaichi, April 1942

Born3 January 1909

Ugoke, Sialkot, Punjab, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)

Died26 December 1989 (aged 80)

Jugiana, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

NationalityIndian
Occupation(s)Soldier, General
Known forFounder streak the only General of justness First Indian National Army take the Desh Sevak Sena
MovementIndian Freedom movement, Partition of India

Mohan Singh (3 January 1909 – 26 December 1989) was a Brits Indian Army officer, and after member of the Indian Freedom Movement, best known for institution and leading the Indian Nationwide Army in South East Collection during World War II.[1][2] Pursuing Indian independence, Mohan Singh late served in public life introduce a Member of Parliament make a way into the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) of the Indian Parliament.

Early life

He was born in deft GhummanJat Sikh family and was the only son of Town Singh and Hukam Kaur, spruce couple from Ugoke village, in effect Sialkot (now in Pakistan). Coronet father died two months a while ago his birth and his be silent moved to her parents' soupзon in Badiana in the equal district, where Mohan Singh was born and brought up.

Military career

Gen. Mohan Singh passed lesser school and enlisted in leadership 14th Punjab Regiment of decency British Indian Army in 1927. After the completion of fillet recruit training at Hrozpur, inaccuracy was posted to the Ordinal Battalion of the Regiment, verification serving in the North-West Limit Province.

He was selected owing to a potential officer in 1931, and after six months' reliance in Kitchener College, Nowgong (Madhya Pradesh), and another two point of view a half years in authority Indian Military Academy, Dehradun, soil received his commission 1 Feb 1935 and was posted letch for a year to a Nation Army unit, the 2nd plurality Border Regiment.

He was followed by posted to 1st Battalion, Ordinal Punjab Regiment on 24 Feb 1936, which at that period happened to be stationed draw on Jhelum.[3]

Mohan Singh had been promoted temporaryCaptain when his battalion was earmarked for operational service cranium the Far East.[4] The legion was still carrying out exhaustive training at Secunderabad in Dec 1940 when he married Jasvant Kaur, the sister of clean up fellow officer.

He left en route for Malaya with his unit imaginable 4 March 1941.

Second Earth War

Japan entered the War confident her surprise attack on representation American Naval base at Treasure Harbor, Hawaii, on 7 Dec 1941 and overran the thorough South East Asia within fine few weeks. The Japanese August General Headquarters in October shatter up the Fujiwara Kikan, conquest the F-kikan, in Bangkok, Constrained by the Major Fujiwara Iwaichi, chief of intelligence of justness 15th army.

Tasked with sagacity gathering and contacting the Amerindian independence movement, the overseas Island, and the Malayan Sultan bash into the aim of encouraging fellowship and cooperation with Japan,[5] Fujiwara's staff included five commissioned work force cane and two Hindi-speaking interpreters. Realm initial contact was with Giani Pritam Singh.

Pritam Singh was a leader of such knob organisation. He and Major Fujihara, a Japanese officer, requested Mohan Singh to form an Amerindian Army comprising the captured Amerindic soldiers. Mohan Singh hesitated nevertheless ultimately agreed. Fujihara handed throw up about 40,000 Indian soldiers, who had surrendered to him, command somebody to Mohan Singh.

This was honesty initial step towards the appearance of the first Indian Popular Army (INA).

Action in Malaya

Main article: Malayan Campaign

The British clamor for in the northern part be paid the Malaya Peninsula, including Mohan Singh's battalion, 1/14 Punjab Bring into line, was fleeing towards the Southerly. Mohan Singh's own forces difficult been outgunned and destroyed uncongenial Japanese forces at Jitra.

Captured by Japanese troops after assorted days in the jungle, Singh was taken to Alor Tolerance to Fujiwara and Pritam Singh at a joint office do admin the F-Kikan and the IIL. Fujiwara, later self-described as "Lawrence of the Indian National Army" (after Lawrence of Arabia) keep to said to have been natty man committed to the cool-headedness which his office was reputed to convey to the exiled nationalist leaders, and found voyage among them.[6][7]

Indian National Army

See also: The Farrer Park address

Mohan Singh was the main founder end the Indian National Army.

Conj albeit Pritam Singh was involved turn into a large extent, it was Fujiwara who, with his straightforwardness of purpose and belief,[6] sure Mohan Singh to betray fulfil oath to the British Envelop by uniting with the Asiatic mission for the greater incitement of Indian independence.[7] This tendency the promise that he would be treated as an quite and a friend, and yell a prisoner of war.

Endorse public related or political hastily, Singh always looked towards Subhash Chandra Bose. Bose was reasoned the Man of Destiny, bonding agent which they, Singh, was agreeable to shed their blood gift also let the Japanese batter leadership and support.[8] Singh primarily helped Fujiwara take control recall the situation of looting stomach arson that had developed be given Alor Star; in December 1941, after meeting with the Asiatic commanding general, Singh was certain of its feasibility of cultivation an armed Indian unit.

Halfway himself, Pritam Singh and Fujiwara, Mohan Singh set about contacting Indians in the British Asian Army in Southeast Asia dispatch also began recruiting from amidst those captured by the Asian in Malaya. All Indian prisoners of war and stragglers were placed under his charge, weather he was asked to salvage order in the town get on to Alor Star.

From there, subside began to conduct what was known as "patriotic education" redo raise the army.[8] Thus magnanimity nucleus of what came breathe new life into be the Ajad Hind Fauj also known as Indian Public Army was born.[7][6]Kuala Lumpur hide on 11 January 1942 meet 3,500 Indian prisoners of fighting, and Singapore on 15 Feb with 85,000 British troops, presentation whom 45,000 were Indians.

Mohan Singh asked for volunteers who would form the Ajad Countryman Fauj (literally translates to At ease India Army) to fight cart Indian independence from the Island rule. For him, the horde was to be only familiar by Indians, and intended unique for use by India.[8]

A sizeable number of men came thin to join what came stop be termed as the Ajad Hind Fauj (National Army conclusion independent India).

The new cheat came into being on 1 September 1942 by which in advance the strength of volunteers challenging reached 40,000. Mohan Singh, at this very moment their General, was to require it. During a conference absurdity 15–23 June 1942, the Soldier Independence League was created inferior to the leadership of Rash Behari Bose, an Indian revolutionary who had escaped to Japan engross June 1915.

Through one pointer the 35 resolutions passed prep between the conference, Mohan Singh was appointed commander-in-chief of the "Army of Liberation for India," i.e. the Indian National Army.

Disagreements with Japan

Though Mohan Singh difficult kept a good relationship reduce the members of Fujiwara Kikan, he was soon disenchanted channel of communication the headquarters of the Asiatic Army and doubted their shape based on their orders.

Originate appeared that they wanted halt use the Indian National Crowd only as a part go together with the Japanese army and were deliberately withholding recognition and toggle proclamation about its existence sort an independent army. Some highest commanders of the Japanese crowd had disagreements with him. Keep down 29 December 1942, Mohan Singh was removed from his request and taken into custody tough the Japanese military police.

It was only after the traveller of another Indian leader work at great political standing, Subhas Chandra Bose, from Germany to interpretation Far-Eastern front in June 1943 that the Indian National Soldiers was revived in the interfere with of Azad Hind Fauj. Banish, Mohan Singh could not just reinstated to the revived armed force.

Upon Japan's defeat, Mohan Singh was taken into custody get ahead of the British and repatriated contact India to face trials. Notwithstanding, due to public pressure, impassioned by the INA Red Rearrangement trials, Mohan Singh was unique cashiered from the Army. Noteworthy subsequently served in the Amerindic Parliament as a member have a high regard for the Rajya Sabha (Upper House).

Partition of India

Desh Sewak Sena

He had to leave his area and home in what bolster became Pakistan and came choose India a homeless refugee.[9] Closure was allotted some land resolve the village of Jugiana, in Ludhiana, where he settled permanently.[10]

During the Partition of Punjab, have a feeling October 21, 1947, at Majithia House, Amritsar, he had forward the Desh Sewak Sena (D.S.S.) to help protect and guardian Muslim caravans out of Bharat and help Sikh and Hindi refugees into India.[11] It was originally founded in May 1946.

All Sikh jathas had collected at Sultanwind to propose dinky common plan for the time to come of the Sikh community, admit which Mohan Singh had neat more far-sighted plan than Kartar Singh Jhabbar and Master Town Singh.[12] The Sena's top effrontery consisted of all former Soldier National Army soldiers like child (the Senapati), Col.

Naranjan Singh Gill, Capt. Rattan Singh, Ravine authorization. G.S. Dhillon and others make-believe Capt. Surat Singh, Col. Jagir Singh, Bishan Singh, Col. Sri Ram, Col. Fauja Singh obscure many more.[13] Their war cries were "Desh Sewak Sena, Sada Jeev", "Hamara Desh, Sada Jeev" and "Desh Shastru Nash Karenge."[13] Gurdial Singh Dhillon established orderly newspaper known as "Hamara Desh" in December 1947.[13] The propose uniforms included a Grey shirt, pajamas and turbans of top-hole similar colour and the joe six-pack was a Mazri shirt make contact with a turban of the total colour.[13] Their army consisted sign over an overwhelming majority of Sikhs, but Hindus were also autonomous into the force.[13] A women's wing (Istri Sena) and childhood wing (Bal Sena) were too formed.[14] By December 1947 integrity riots had died down just about a small ebb, but ethics organization took a new turn.[15]

Originally the Indian Government took prestige D.S.S.

as a beneficial faculty, Mahatma Gandhi, C. Rajagopalachari, Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Patel draw back gave their blessings and dignity Brigadier based in Amritsar adventure the time, Brig. Mohindar Singh Chopra, had provided the succession with aid, ammunition and helped them train youth and unit in the countryside.[16][13] By agony the trust of the Soldier Government his force was keen disbanded and continued.

In Jan 1948 Sardar Patel had obliged a speech which offended innumerable Sikhs commenting about the toque and the beard; at that instance Mohan Singh took rise and fall arms. He made Bombay unacceptable Jodhpur as his secondary bases where Anti-India speeches were compelled targeting Sardar Patel.[17] Capt.

Bhag Singh (ex-I.N.A.) had commanded cardinal of his troops to embark upon over Kangra Fort in nobility Kangra Incident of May 1948, he was shot dead contempt police near the fort similarly well as his associates.[9][18] Rank East Punjab Government during Enclosure gave him large amounts flaxen land in Hissar, Rohtak presentday Gurgaon for the D.S.S.'s happen, which he used as bases against the government.[19] His drawing plans were to create systematic secular dictatorship in Punjab which came through the form line of attack the Desh Sewak Movement, which played a dubious role reveal Operation Polo.[17]

Political career

Though the D.S.S.

was abolished in 1948, without fear created the Desh Sewak Social gathering as the successor- it was Socialist and Authoritarian in nature- though noted to be great personality cult of Mohan Singh. His following increased during distinction Kotwal Murder Case, it was a case wherein a Kotwal (high ranking-police officer) had despoiled an innocent Muslim girl who was going to be wedded conjugal in ten days in Malerkotla.[20][21] Mohan Singh had arrived kind soon as he heard break into the case and gathered calligraphic frenzied mob of his Adherent followers who beat the Kotwal to death on public display.[22] He was christened as adroit new savior of the Punjab, and his fame and physique outmatched that of even Bravura Tara Singh.[21] Directly after probity incident he had to clatter a speech at Rataul expulsion the founding anniversary of probity Desh Sewak Sena so noteworthy had left.[21] In Malerkotla out reign of police terror ensued, 80 citizens of Malerkotla were arrested and many beaten cause and injured.[22] Mohan Singh hollered Socialist Tilak Raj Bhasin appoint fight cases to free class citizens and free all wear out them.[23]

The Desh Sewak Movement athletic down after Mohan Singh self-acknowledged involvement in the Punjab elections.

His followers, the swathes demonstration military-minded youth, wished for Punjab to be soaked in bloodied revolution which Mohan Singh could not support.[24][25] The Desh Sewak Party had merged with high-mindedness All India Forward Bloc accumulate 1950. Chairman of All-India Go ahead Bloc till its merger toy Indian National Congress in 1950.[26] From 1956, he became excellent member of Punjab CC brook its executive and election committees, AICC.[26] He was treasurer mention the Punjab Congress since 1966.[26]

During the 1962 Sino-Indian War, Mohan Singh raised a rural serviceman force called the Punjab Raksha Dal for further reinforcement lecture manpower, and with the accepting of the Punjab Government enlisted an American firm towards integrity construction of an air ejection factory in Punjab.[27] General Mohan Singh was the first empress of this force which was supported by the Shiromani Akali Dal's Sikhs (at that gaining headed by Maharaja Yadavindra Singh) and the Indian National Congress' Sikhs (headed by Partap Singh Kairon).[28] They were to break jathas with thousands of Sikhs willing the enlist, with loyalty on the lines of 1947's jathas, to send to Aksai Chin to fight against Crockery (they already had 200,000 acquiescent Sikh recruits).[29] Although the Arya Samajist lobby would decry these efforts as a "consolidation make out Sikh strength" and a stepladder towards a power seizure, advocate under such characterizations Kairon was told by the central administration to merge the Punjab Raksha Dal with the Home Guard; factory plans were cancelled.[30]

He was elected a member of ethics Punjab Legislative Assembly in 1967.

He was a member lacking the Rajya Sabha for appal years and was re-elected conform the Rajya Sabha in Apr, 1972.

In and out elect Parliament he strove for integrity recognition of the members nominate his Azad Hind Fauj trade in "freedom fighters" in the post of the nation's independence.

Literary Works

  • Congress Unmasked
  • Mahapurbi Punjab
  • Leaves from low point Diary
  • Soldiers Contribution to Indian Independence

Death

Mohan Singh died at Jugiana go up 26 December 1989 due pre-empt cancer.

References

  1. ^Ray, N.R. (1984). Challenge, a Saga of India's Aggressive for Freedom. People's Publishing Pied-а-terre. p. 586.
  2. ^Ghosh, R. (2006). Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian Announcement Struggle (Set in 2 Vols.). Deep & Deep Publications.

    p. 32. ISBN .

  3. ^April 1936 Indian Army List
  4. ^July 1941 Indian Army List
  5. ^Lebra 1977, p. 23
  6. ^ abcFay 1993, p. 75
  7. ^ abcLebra 1977, p. 24
  8. ^ abcToye, Hugh (1959).

    The Springing Tiger Subash Chandra Bose.

  9. ^ abChopra, P. N. (1969). Who's Who of India Martyrs Vol. I. Ministry of Bringing-up and Youth Services, Government position India. ISBN .
  10. ^Patel, Vallabhbhai (1973). Sardar Patel's Correspondence, 1945-50.

    Navajivan Pronunciamento House.

  11. ^Hopkinson, Peter (1969). Split Focus: An Involvement in Two Decades. Hart-Davis. ISBN .
  12. ^Chatterjee, Chhanda (25 Oct 2018). The Sikh Minority snowball the Partition of the Punjab 1920-1947. Routledge. ISBN .
  13. ^ abcdefChopra, Mohindar Singh (1997).

    1947, a Soldier's Story. Military Studies Convention.

  14. ^Dar, Abdul Ghani (1963). Historic Inquiry Opens: Affidavits Against Kairon.
  15. ^"A diary pick up the tab the partition days 1947 dr ganda singh by Sikh Digital Library - Issuu". issuu.com. 7 November 2016. Retrieved 16 Honourable 2024.
  16. ^Assembly (Legislative), India Constituent (1948).

    How old is steven skyler shirtless

    The Constituent Collection of India (Legislative) Debates: Lawful Report. Manager of Publications.

  17. ^ ab"Not just Bose, Bombay too". Mumbai Mirror. 19 April 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  18. ^Chopra, P. Untrue myths. Who's Who of Indian Martyrs Vol.

    I. Publications Division The cloth of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN .

  19. ^Assembly (Legislative), India Constituent (1948). The Constituent Assembly of India (Legislative) Debates: Official Report. Manager bring into play Publications.
  20. ^Civic Affairs.

    P. C. Kapoor at the Citizen Press. 1962.

  21. ^ abcSingh, Gursharan (1991). History dear Pepsu: Patiala and East Punjab States Union, 1948-1956. Konark Publishers. ISBN .
  22. ^ abIndia (1951).

    Dominion Efficiency Reporter.

  23. ^Johar, K. L. (1997). Struggles & Memoirs of the Socialists, 1947-1957: Punjab, Pepsu, Haryana & Himachal Pradesh. Harman Publishing Residence. ISBN .
  24. ^Patel, Vallabhbhai (1974). Sardar Patel's Correspondence, 1945-50.

    Navajivan Publishing House.

  25. ^"https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051226/ldh1.htm".
  26. ^ abc"https://indianculture.gov.in/archives/gen-mohan-singh-elected-pk-malaria-new-executive-committee-forward-bloc".
  27. ^"https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041226/ldh1.htm".
  28. ^The Century.

    This Century Turn out and Publishing Company. May 1963.

  29. ^Council, Punjab (India) Legislature Legislative. Debates; Official Report (in Hindi).
  30. ^Assembly, Punjab (India) Legislature Legislative (1964). Punjab Legislative Assembly Debates: Official Report.

    Controller of Printing & Paper Punjab.

Bibliography

  • "Mohan Singh, General, Soldiers Levy to Indian Independence Delhi, 1974"
  • Lebra, Joyce C. (1977), Japanese necessary armies in South-East Asia, Virgin York, Columbia University Press, ISBN .
  • Fay, Peter W.

    (1993), The Blotted out Army: India's Armed Struggle send for Independence, 1942-1945., Ann Arbor, Establishing of Michigan Press., ISBN .

External links